What Are Trichomes?

An increased interest in marijuana and the way it works as a medicine has led many to seek a better understanding about this unique plant species. Apart from the visible leaves, bud and stem, this plant has a number of other parts that are essential to its functions. Among the most fascinating and important parts of the cannabis plant are trichomes. The word Trichome is derived from the Greek word, Trichōma, meaning ‘growth of hair.’ The literal definition of trichomes is ‘fine, microscopic outgrowths of hair.’

Trichomes perform a number of functions. First, they add to the defense mechanism of a cannabis plant. When a female produces buds that later blossom into flowers, it becomes susceptible to attack from insects and other wild animals. The presence of trichomes deters potential attacks from insects because these crystals emanate a very strong aroma, and an unfavorable flavour (depending who you ask). Moreover, since trichomes are sticky and shiny, they protect the buds from damaging winds, UV rays of the sun and other extreme environmental effects like fungal growth.

Another important purpose of trichomes is the production of various cannabinoids that make weed a potent drug for medical use. Compounds like THC and CBD are stored in the resinous crystals that are later consumed when the plant is harvested. Depending on the quantity of trichomes found on a certain marijuana plant, the percentage of THC and CBD derived from it varies.  Small and large scale growers are often warned of the destruction of trichomes because they are very fragile and can be lost because of untimely harvest, extreme weather conditions or physical agitation.

When understanding the purpose and function of trichomes, it is also important to shed light on the different types of trichome crystals you may see on a marijuana bud. Since each strain has a unique parentage and chemical composition, trichomes exist in three different structural categories:

Bulbous Trichomes: Bulbous Trichomes are the smallest in size, about 5-10 micrometers. Comprised of only cells, and no stalks, these structures may not always be visible at a casual glance. Bulbous trichomes are found all over the plant, including the stem and leaves.

Capitate Sessile Trichomes: Capitate Sessile Trichomes are larger than the bulbous crystals. They have a complete structure, i.e. a round head and a fine stalk underneath (think shiny, crystalline mushroom). They are found more abundantly on the buds.

Capitate-Stalked Trichomes: These are the biggest of the three varieties. Anywhere between 5-100mm, Capitate-Stalked Trichomes are largely found on the buds of the marijuana plant and abundantly produce cannabinoids. They have a bulb head and a thick stalk, which is covered with waxy cuticles. Capitate-Stalked Trichomes can be seen with the naked eye.